In 2020, this author published a paper that described a clear need for alternatives to the current pMDIs that remained both affordable and had a lower global warming potential propellant. He also suggested that 2025 could be a tipping point, due to a significant increase in the cost of existing propellants, which might particularly impact reliever medications. This article reviews the last five years and projects how things might change in the future.
Much of what was described has indeed come to pass, but more has happened that was not foreseen. Nonetheless, it appears that the situation has crystallized. Some companies have elected, deliberately or otherwise, that they will exit the pMDI market. Others have seized the opportunity and stand to benefit from reduced competition and additional patent protection in the future. Provided those active in the field can successfully complete their development programs, there should be products available in all the main drug classes, albeit the timing remains of concern, both in Europe and elsewhere. Whether, given the reduced competition, smaller market size and the higher costs of manufacture, these products are affordable to all remains to be seen, but it is very encouraging that several of these manufacturers have a tradition of supplying products with lower prices.
December 2025, Volume 19(6), pages 14-23

