Nasal sprays are now showing great promise in the delivery of drugs for breakthrough pain relief and vaccines. Innovation is set to continue as electronic “smart” devices are being integrated into designs in order to increase patient compliance, a key market driver for nasal aerosols.
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Spray pattern and plume geometry have long been established as required tests for orally inhaled and nasal drug product (OINDP) characterization. Furthermore, these tests are important indicators of aerosolization, spray performance and subsequent bioavailability (BA) of the delivered drug.
Over the last 20 years, inhalation drug delivery has been adjusting to the phase out of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants. Following the signature of the Montreal Protocol on September 16, 1987, there has been a rush to re-formulate pressure metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) using alternative propellant systems. This has led to the advent of dry powder […]